Understanding Graphics – The Differences Between Vector and Bitmap Images
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Graphics
Session 5: Graphics
Images and illustrations are among the most effective and flexible tools available to a graphic designer. In the realm of computer-generated visuals.
There are two primary types:
vector images
bitmap images.
Vector Graphics: Made of lines and curves, generated from mathematical descriptions that determine their position, length, and direction.
Bitmaps (Raster Images): Composed of small squares called pixels, each mapped to a location in an image with numerical colour values.
Vector graphics: perfect for logos and illustrations due to their resolution independence, allowing them to be scaled or printed at any size or resolution without losing detail or quality. This means you can design a vector graphic at a small scale and enlarge it without becoming pixelated or blurry.
Bitmaps(raster graphics): on the other hand, are ideal for photographs and digital paintings because they accurately reproduce colour gradations. However, bitmaps are resolution-dependent, meaning they consist of a fixed number of pixels. While they appear fine at their original size, they may lose quality when enlarged or printed at a higher resolution than intended.
vector images
Pros:
Scalability: Can be resized to any dimension without losing resolution.
File Size: Typically smaller than raster graphics.
Editability: Easy to move, resize, and manipulate individual elements.
Cons:
Complex Images: Not ideal for detailed photographic images.
Rendering: May require more computing power, making them slower to display.
Best Situations for Vector Images:
Scalable Graphics: Ideal for logos, icons, and other graphics that need resizing.
File Size: Typically smaller than bitmap images, making them easier to share and download.
Resolution Independence: Can be printed at any resolution without losing quality.
Limitations: Complex Images: Not suitable for detailed photographic images due to their line and curve-based structure
Types of formats of vector images:
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics): XML-based format; supports animation and interactivity; widely used for web graphics.
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript): Used for illustrations and print; supports complex graphics; compatible with many design applications.
AI (Adobe Illustrator File): Adobe Illustrator's native format; supports layers and effects; ideal for editing vector graphics.
PDF (Portable Document Format): Can contain both vector and raster graphics; widely used for sharing documents; maintains quality when scaled.
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Raster(bitmaps)
Pros of Raster Graphics:
Can represent complex photographic images with high detail.
Easier to work with than vector graphics, as they don't require mathematical algorithms.
Cons of Raster Graphics:
Can become pixelated or blurry when scaled up.
Not resolution-independent, which may affect print quality at higher resolutions.
Typically have larger file sizes compared to vector graphics.
Best Situations for Bitmap Images:
Complex Photographic Images: Ideal for displaying detailed photographs with a wide range of colours and gradients.
Web Graphics: Easily compressed to reduce file size, making them faster to download and display.
Limitations:
Scalability: Not suitable for scalable graphics like logos, as they can become pixelated or blurry when resized.
Types of formats of raster graphic(bitmaps):
JPEG: Good for photographs; lossy compression.
PNG: Supports transparency; lossless compression.
GIF: Limited to 256 colors; used for simple graphics and animations.
BMP: Uncompressed; larger file sizes.
TIFF: High-quality; supports multiple layers; used in printing.
WEBP: Efficient compression; supports transparency.
PSD: Adobe Photoshop's native format; retains layers for editing.
Vector vs. Bitmap(raster): Which is Better for Graphic Design?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer; the best choice depends on the project’s specific needs:
Vector Images: Ideal for scalable graphics like logos that need to be resized without losing quality.
Bitmap Images: Better for displaying detailed photographs with subtle shading and colour variations.
In Summary:
Bitmap Images: Best for detailed photographs and web graphics.
Vector Images: Best for scalable graphics that need resizing.
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